Compare Southern Ocean (2004) - Anguilla (2004)

Compare Southern Ocean (2004) z Anguilla (2004)

	Southern Ocean (2004)	Anguilla (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 23.8% (male 1,569; female 1,523) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 4,641; female 4,385) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 396; female 494) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising
Airports	-	3 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 20.327 million sq km note: includes Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, part of the Drake Passage, Ross Sea, a small part of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies	total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of the US	about half the size of Washington, DC
Background	A decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 delimited a fifth world ocean - the Southern Ocean - from the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit. The Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean).	Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency, along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.
Birth rate	-	14.45 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $22.8 million expenditures: $22.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital	-	The Valley
Climate	sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter	tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Coastline	17,968 km	61 km
Constitution	-	Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Country name	-	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Anguilla
Currency	-	East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate	-	5.46 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$8.8 million (1998)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$3.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Fisheries in 2000-01 (1 July to 30 June) landed 112,934 metric tons, of which 87% was krill and 11% Patagonian toothfish. International agreements were adopted in late 1999 to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, which in the 2000-01 season landed, by one estimate, 8,376 metric tons of Patagonian and antarctic toothfish. In the 2000-01 antarctic summer 12,248 tourists, most of them seaborne, visited the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, compared to 14,762 the previous year.	Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry, which has spurred the growth of the construction sector, has contributed to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small, but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.
Electricity - consumption	-	42.6 million kWh
Electricity - production	-	NA
Elevation extremes	lowest point: -7,235 m at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench highest point: sea level 0 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m
Environment - current issues	increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries	supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system
Environment - international agreements	the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north	-
Ethnic groups	-	black (predominant), mulatto, white
Exchange rates	-	East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Alan Eden HUCKLE (since 28 May 2004) head of government: Chief Minister Osbourne FLEMING (since 3 March 2000) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	-	$2.6 million (1999)
Exports - commodities	-	lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum
Exports - partners	-	UK, US, Puerto Rico, Saint-Martin (2000)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	-	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $104 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 4% industry: 18% services: 78% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $8,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.8% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	65 00 S, 0 00 E (nominally), but the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude	18 15 N, 63 10 W
Geography - note	the major chokepoint is the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica; the Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) is the best natural definition of the northern extent of the Southern Ocean; it is a distinct region at the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the very cold polar surface waters to the south from the warmer waters to the north; the Front and the Current extend entirely around Antarctica, reaching south of 60 degrees south near New Zealand and near 48 degrees south in the far South Atlantic coinciding with the path of the maximum westerly winds	the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles
Highways	-	total: 105 km paved: 65 km unpaved: 40 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports	-	$80.9 million (1999)
Imports - commodities	-	fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles
Imports - partners	-	US, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)
Independence	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	3.1% (1997 est.)
Industries	-	tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 21.91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.72 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.3%
International organization participation	-	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), OECS (associate), UPU
Irrigated land	-	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
Labor force	-	6,049 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%, manufacturing 3%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, commerce 36%, services 29% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	-	0 km
Land use	-	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2001)
Languages	-	English (official)
Legal system	-	based on English common law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANA 3, AUM 2, ADP 1, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 76.9 years male: 73.99 years female: 79.91 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 12 and over can read and write total population: 95% male: 95% female: 95% (1984 est.)
Location	body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Map references	Antarctic Region	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	-	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
National holiday	-	Anguilla Day, 30 May
Nationality	-	noun: Anguillan(s) adjective: Anguillan
Natural hazards	huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue	frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)
Natural resources	probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes	salt, fish, lobster
Net migration rate	-	10.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]; The United Front or UF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS], a coalition of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA; Anguilla Patriotic Movement or APM [Quincy GUMBS]; Movement for Grassroots Democracy or MFGD [Joyce KENTISH, John BENJAMIN]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	-	13,008 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-	1.98% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most of them to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers (see Article 7)	Blowing Point, Road Bay
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)
Religions	-	Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: NA domestic: modern internal telephone system international: country code - 1-264; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	6,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	1,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (1997)
Terrain	the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers	flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Total fertility rate	-	1.74 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Transportation - note	Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal	-
Unemployment rate	-	6.7% (2001)

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